瘧疾（Malaria)是世界六大熱帶病和我國五大寄生蟲病之一，對(duì)人類危害極大，非洲每年死于malaria的兒童約100萬。malaria主要分布在熱帶、亞熱帶各國，在我國華南、華中的某些地區(qū)，特別是云南和海南省尚有不少病例，因此，malaria仍是我國重點(diǎn)防治的寄生蟲病之一。
瘧原蟲屬原生動(dòng)物亞界--頂復(fù)門--孢子綱--瘧原蟲屬。
寄生蟲人體的瘧原蟲有四種：間日瘧原蟲、惡性瘧原蟲、三日瘧原蟲和卵形瘧原蟲。
瘧原蟲經(jīng)蚊叮咬感染人后引起malaria，典型臨床表現(xiàn)是周期性寒戰(zhàn)、發(fā)熱和出汗。
診斷主要靠外周血涂片檢查。
間日瘧原蟲用磷酸氯喹及磷酸伯氨喹治療，惡性瘧原蟲用氯喹，對(duì)抗氯喹株則宜用青蒿素類藥物、奎寧、咯萘啶、磺胺多辛和乙胺嘧啶等聯(lián)合用藥。
形態(tài)：
子孢子
紅外期裂殖體
Pre-erythrocytic schizont in liver.
These mature in 6-14 days’ time liberation merozoites into the blood stream. Giemsa-colophonium. ×400. Enlarged by 5.4.
環(huán)狀體
P. vivax thin smear, showing early trophozoites.
The infected red cells are enlarged and show some stippling. Giemsa. ×1000. Enlarged by 5.4.
P. vivax thick smear, early trophozoites.
The red cells are lysed. Giemsa. ×1000. Enlarged by 5.4.
成熟滋養(yǎng)體
P.vivax thin smear.
Showing late trophozoites (amoeboid stage). The infected red cells are enlarged and show marked stippling. Giemsa. ×1000. Enlarged by 5.4.
裂殖體
P. vivax thin smear.
A mature schizont about to rupture. A clump of malarial pigment can be seen in the center. Giemsa. ×1000. Enlarged by 5.4.
P. vivax thin smear.
Merozoites lying free. Malarial pigment is seen as a clump on one side. Giemsa. ×1000. Enlarged by 5.4.
間日瘧原蟲雄配子體
間日瘧原蟲雌配子體
