2015年職稱英語考試已經(jīng)開始備考,本階段應(yīng)該多整理一些基礎(chǔ)詞匯和語法。為此,醫(yī)學(xué)全在線職稱外語頻道特整理了“2015年職稱英語備考語法資料”供您參考,希望對您有幫助!
2015年綜合類職稱英語語法:八種時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法匯總
(6)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的、對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作,或表示開始在過去,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動作。
①在完成時(shí)由“助動詞have(has)+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。
②表示發(fā)生在過去的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有:already,yet,just,once,twice,ever,never,three times,before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before.(我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/He has just gone to England.(他剛?cè)ビ?
③表示在過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能延續(xù)下去)的動作或狀態(tài)時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有:for(two years),since 1990,since(two weeks ago)和since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有30年了)/Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)
④口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書)
⑤have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別:have gone to(“已經(jīng)去了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過”)表示人在這里。如:——Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英國。)/——Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.(你知道北京的情況嗎?是的,我去過那里三次。)
⑥在完成時(shí)中,一個(gè)瞬間性動詞(一次性動作)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,此時(shí)須將該瞬間動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞。具體變化見下表:
瞬間性動詞的完成時(shí) |
→ |
延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞的完成時(shí) |
||||
have |
(already) |
gone to… |
have |
been in / at … |
for (two years) |
|
has |
|
come to… |
has |
been here |
since (1990) |
|
(had) |
|
left… |
(had) |
been away from… |
|
|
|
|
arrived… |
|
been in… |
|
|
|
|
died |
|
been dead |
|
|
|
|
begun |
|
been on |
|
|
|
|
ended |
|
been over |
|
|
|
|
bought... |
|
had… |
|
|
|
|
borrowed… |
|
kept… |
|
|
|
|
joined… |
|
been in … |
|
或者使用下面這個(gè)句型:
It is /has been+(多久)+since+主語(人)+謂語(過去時(shí))+……+過去時(shí)間狀語
[注意] 在其它的時(shí)態(tài)中也存在類似問題,記住,關(guān)鍵是:瞬間動詞不能和表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如:How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)